global normal irradiance under U.S. Standard Atmosphere (same as ASTM G-173-03)
15 degrees
created by Quentin Dishman using SMARTS, the atmosphere is identical to the SMARTS inputs used to create the ASTM "global tilt" spectrum (the one that's 11 degrees off of "normal")
| Brand |
other other |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Sun Direct sunlight |
| Lamp ID |
SUN (01/2000) |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Sarina Wunderlich |
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.36 ; 0.37 ) | ( 0.5 ; 0.36 ) | ( 0.35 ; 0.32 ; 0.23 ) |
| CCT | 4600 Kelvin | 3700 Kelvin | 4100 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.031 | 0.035 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 72900 µW/cm² = 729 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 2.93E-9 µW/cm² = 2.93E-11 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 44800 µW/cm² = 448 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 3.66 µW/cm² = 0.0366 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 12.9 µW/cm² = 0.129 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 790 µW/cm² = 7.9 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 3.66 µW/cm² = 0.0366 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 107 µW/cm² = 1.07 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 787 µW/cm² = 7.87 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 145 µW/cm² = 1.45 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 778 µW/cm² = 7.78 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 680 µW/cm² = 6.8 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 1110 µW/cm² = 11.1 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 520 µW/cm² = 5.2 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 17700 µW/cm² = 177 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 28300 µW/cm² = 283 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 1410 µW/cm² = 14.1 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 35200 µW/cm² = 352 W/m² VIS2 ( 400 nm - 680 nm) 25300 µW/cm² = 253 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 27300 µW/cm² = 273 W/m² tmp ( 400 nm - 1100 nm) 55500 µW/cm² = 555 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 5150 µW/cm² = 51.5 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 8170 µW/cm² = 81.7 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 993 µW/cm² = 9.93 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 6700 µW/cm² = 67 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 12800 µW/cm² = 128 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 35200 µW/cm² = 352 W/m² IR2 ( 720 nm - 1100 nm) 26200 µW/cm² = 262 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 8650 µW/cm² = 86.5 W/m²
Erythema 0.383 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 4.53 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 0.201 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.000587 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.00428 Vitamin D3 0.515 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 19200 µW/cm² Luminosity 75300 lx Human L-Cone 11400 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 9090 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 4120 µW/cm² CIE X 10200 µW/cm² CIE Y 10500 µW/cm² CIE Z 7780 µW/cm² PAR 131000000 mol photons Extinction preD3 15.7 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 64.8 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 11700 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 0.154 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 159000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 0.0372 m²/mol L-Cone 9980 µW/cm² M-Cone 9030 µW/cm² S-Cone 6450 µW/cm² U-Cone 2680 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 0.211 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 6620 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 4670 µW/cm² (62 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 0.461 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 68800 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 3.69 µW/cm² Actinic UV 0.212 µW/cm² (0.0282 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 830 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 187 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 4110 m²/mol
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 30.9 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 0.3 Leybold UVB 16.6 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 598 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 4.29E-7 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 111 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 8.41 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 1.39 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 414 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 640 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 6.45 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC -0.00467 µW/cm² Luxmeter 75100 lx Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 0.936 IU/min UVX-31 143 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.0185 µW/cm² IL UVA 703 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 0.26 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 24.9 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 95.8) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 4.33 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 0.522 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (manuf.) 755 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 12.6 mW/cm² LS122 (manuf.) 330 W/m² ISM400 (first guess) 799 W/m² LS122 (assumption) 317 W/m² ISM400_new 872 W/m² Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (assumption) 763 W/m²