Solar altitude 16.1° Puerto Rico,
Gran Canaria (Latitude 27°47'N,
Longitude 15°43'W)
June 19th 2011 Local time 08:30h
Spectrum 511: SUN Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
other other |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Sun Direct sunlight |
| Lamp ID |
SUN (01/2000) |
| Spectrometer | USB2000+ (2) |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Frances Baines |
Database entry created:
Frances Baines
26/Oct/2014 ; updated:
Frances Baines
26/Oct/2014
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.29 ; 0.28 ) | ( 0.34 ; 0.42 ) | ( 0.21 ; 0.27 ; 0.33 ) |
| CCT | 9700 Kelvin | 6200 Kelvin | 7000 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.078 | 0.068 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 4060 µW/cm² = 40.6 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 4050 µW/cm² = 40.5 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 2.71 µW/cm² = 0.0271 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 8.17 µW/cm² = 0.0817 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 294 µW/cm² = 2.94 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 2.71 µW/cm² = 0.0271 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 51.5 µW/cm² = 0.515 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 291 µW/cm² = 2.91 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 66.7 µW/cm² = 0.667 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 286 µW/cm² = 2.86 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 240 µW/cm² = 2.4 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 350 µW/cm² = 3.5 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 175 µW/cm² = 1.75 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 2420 µW/cm² = 24.2 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 3140 µW/cm² = 31.4 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 376 µW/cm² = 3.76 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 3350 µW/cm² = 33.5 W/m² VIS2 ( 400 nm - 680 nm) 2710 µW/cm² = 27.1 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 2830 µW/cm² = 28.3 W/m² tmp ( 400 nm - 1100 nm) 3630 µW/cm² = 36.3 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 934 µW/cm² = 9.34 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 742 µW/cm² = 7.42 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 81 µW/cm² = 0.81 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 499 µW/cm² = 4.99 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 719 µW/cm² = 7.19 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 798 µW/cm² = 7.98 W/m² IR2 ( 720 nm - 1100 nm) 693 µW/cm² = 6.93 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 0.183 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 2.56 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 0.14 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.00045 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.00248 Vitamin D3 0.353 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 2090 µW/cm² Luminosity 6580 lx Human L-Cone 973 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 840 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 773 µW/cm² CIE X 941 µW/cm² CIE Y 903 µW/cm² CIE Z 1420 µW/cm² PAR 13100000 mol photons Extinction preD3 8.77 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 35.4 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 5900 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 0.107 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 78100 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 0.0227 m²/mol L-Cone 811 µW/cm² M-Cone 1060 µW/cm² S-Cone 1310 µW/cm² U-Cone 756 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 0.0943 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 1100 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 891 µW/cm² (135 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 0.326 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 8670 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 2.01 µW/cm² Actinic UV 0.0949 µW/cm² (0.144 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 504 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 115 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 1900 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 15.7 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 0.165 Leybold UVB 9.06 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 217 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 52.1 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 4.31 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 0.941 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 151 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 238 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 3.48 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC -0.00296 µW/cm² Luxmeter 6690 lx Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 0.517 IU/min UVX-31 64.1 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.00881 µW/cm² IL UVA 252 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 0.15 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 12.8 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 85.5) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 2.71 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 0.263 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (manuf.) 43.2 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 4.18 mW/cm² LS122 (manuf.) 0.75 W/m² ISM400 (first guess) 35.5 W/m² LS122 (assumption) 1.88 W/m² ISM400_new 33 W/m² Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (assumption) 41.2 W/m²