UG11
Spectrum 66: AMH1 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Iwasaki EYE Lighting Europe (Iwasaki) http://www.iwasaki.co.uk/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Color Arc PAR36 6500K 150W |
| Lamp ID |
AMH1 (03/2010) |
| Spectrometer | USB 2000 |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 30 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Frances Baines |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
4/Mar/2010 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
9/Oct/2011
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
WARNING: The measurement range (350 - 800 nm) is not sufficient for this evaluation! Data is only available in the range 270.05 - 750.92 nm. Results are shown anyway but should be ignored by anyone except experts.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.31 ; 0.33 ) | ( 0.38 ; 0.36 ) | ( 0.24 ; 0.29 ; 0.27 ) |
| CCT | 6600 Kelvin | 5200 Kelvin | 5900 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.015 | 0.032 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 68000 µW/cm² = 680 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 6.61 µW/cm² = 0.0661 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 10.5 µW/cm² = 0.105 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 68000 µW/cm² = 680 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 66.6 µW/cm² = 0.666 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 93.5 µW/cm² = 0.935 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 3430 µW/cm² = 34.3 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 62.8 µW/cm² = 0.628 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 186 µW/cm² = 1.86 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 3370 µW/cm² = 33.7 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 261 µW/cm² = 2.61 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 3340 µW/cm² = 33.4 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 3180 µW/cm² = 31.8 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 6360 µW/cm² = 63.6 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 2790 µW/cm² = 27.9 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 48900 µW/cm² = 489 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 63900 µW/cm² = 639 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 7860 µW/cm² = 78.6 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 64600 µW/cm² = 646 W/m² VIS2 ( 400 nm - 680 nm) 55100 µW/cm² = 551 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 57800 µW/cm² = 578 W/m² tmp ( 400 nm - 1100 nm) 61300 µW/cm² = 613 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 15800 µW/cm² = 158 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 17700 µW/cm² = 177 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 1950 µW/cm² = 19.5 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 11300 µW/cm² = 113 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 9970 µW/cm² = 99.7 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 3480 µW/cm² = 34.8 W/m² IR2 ( 720 nm - 1100 nm) 2040 µW/cm² = 20.4 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 10.4 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 38.9 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 13.4 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 5.32 µW/cm² DNA Damage 7.89 Vitamin D3 25.6 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 41000 µW/cm² Luminosity 151000 lx Human L-Cone 22400 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 19200 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 12800 µW/cm² CIE X 19900 µW/cm² CIE Y 20900 µW/cm² CIE Z 23200 µW/cm² PAR 269000000 mol photons Extinction preD3 187 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 632 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 128000 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 106 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 956000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 130 m²/mol L-Cone 18700 µW/cm² M-Cone 22900 µW/cm² S-Cone 21300 µW/cm² U-Cone 15600 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 15.2 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 19900 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 15300 µW/cm² (101 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 26.9 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 177000 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 27.2 µW/cm² Actinic UV 15 µW/cm² (0.992 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 125000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 147000 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 19300 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 152 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 9.38 Leybold UVB 83.3 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 2600 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 2.64 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 257 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 29.4 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 32.1 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 1320 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 2650 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 53.5 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 3.99 µW/cm² Luxmeter 155000 lx Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 29.3 IU/min UVX-31 380 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.0722 µW/cm² IL UVA 3210 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 6.06 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 81.7 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 13.5) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 61.2 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 4.36 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (manuf.) 676 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 65.4 mW/cm² LS122 (manuf.) 0 W/m² ISM400 (first guess) 468 W/m² LS122 (assumption) 21.7 W/m² ISM400_new 384 W/m² Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (assumption) 637 W/m²