Spectrum 495: ZM-U1 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Zoo Med Zoo Med Laboratories, Inc http://www.zoomed.com/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Reptisun Desert 10.0 Research project c/o Oonincx et al 2012 |
| Lamp ID |
ZM-U1 (04/2014) Experimental Lamp |
| Spectrometer | USB2000+ (2) |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 10 cm |
| Age | 342 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Frances Baines |
Database entry created:
Frances Baines
29/Apr/2014 ; updated:
Frances Baines
29/Apr/2014
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.28 ; 0.3 ) | ( 0.4 ; 0.47 ) | ( 0.24 ; 0.3 ; 0.35 ) |
| CCT | 9200 Kelvin | 5100 Kelvin | 5700 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.13 | 0.11 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 1700 µW/cm² = 17 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 1700 µW/cm² = 17 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 54.5 µW/cm² = 0.545 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 85.8 µW/cm² = 0.858 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 348 µW/cm² = 3.48 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 54.5 µW/cm² = 0.545 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 132 µW/cm² = 1.32 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 293 µW/cm² = 2.93 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 136 µW/cm² = 1.36 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 262 µW/cm² = 2.62 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 161 µW/cm² = 1.61 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 131 µW/cm² = 1.31 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 69.3 µW/cm² = 0.693 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 1090 µW/cm² = 10.9 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 1360 µW/cm² = 13.6 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 72.8 µW/cm² = 0.728 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 1350 µW/cm² = 13.5 W/m² VIS2 ( 400 nm - 680 nm) 1250 µW/cm² = 12.5 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 1290 µW/cm² = 12.9 W/m² tmp ( 400 nm - 1100 nm) 1350 µW/cm² = 13.5 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 438 µW/cm² = 4.38 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 405 µW/cm² = 4.05 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 59.1 µW/cm² = 0.591 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 211 µW/cm² = 2.11 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 168 µW/cm² = 1.68 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 61 µW/cm² = 0.61 W/m² IR2 ( 720 nm - 1100 nm) 36.8 µW/cm² = 0.368 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 2.68 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 32 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 4.33 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.0571 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.194 Vitamin D3 12.2 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 920 µW/cm² Luminosity 3460 lx Human L-Cone 506 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 454 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 356 µW/cm² CIE X 454 µW/cm² CIE Y 479 µW/cm² CIE Z 671 µW/cm² PAR 6120000 mol photons Extinction preD3 88.6 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 313 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 41300 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 9.37 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 449000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 6.83 m²/mol L-Cone 413 µW/cm² M-Cone 515 µW/cm² S-Cone 603 µW/cm² U-Cone 168 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 1.86 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 494 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 391 µW/cm² (113 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 13.5 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 3860 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 16.2 µW/cm² Actinic UV 1.85 µW/cm² (5.34 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 15000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 9550 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 7380 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 102 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 3.51 Leybold UVB 73.7 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 184 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0.00195 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 173 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 20.9 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 24.7 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 221 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 247 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 35.9 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC -0.0259 µW/cm² Luxmeter 3590 lx Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 11 IU/min UVX-31 187 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.0422 µW/cm² IL UVA 207 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 3.01 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 68.8 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 22.8) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 44.6 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 2.52 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (manuf.) 15.2 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 2.68 mW/cm² LS122 (manuf.) 0 W/m² ISM400 (first guess) 9.6 W/m² LS122 (assumption) 0.436 W/m² ISM400_new 7.75 W/m² Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (assumption) 13.7 W/m²