Spectrum 485: McKinlay7 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
other other |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Tungsten Halogen 7 MacKinlay, A. F., Whillock, J., & Meulemans, C. C. E. (1989). Ultraviolet radiation and blue-light emissions from spotlights incorporating tungsten halogen lamps. National Radiological Protection Board. Lamp 7 |
| Lamp ID |
McKinlay7 (11/2013) |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 30 cm |
| Age | 20 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Publication |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
2/Nov/2013 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
2/Nov/2013
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.46 ; 0.41 ) | ( 0.66 ; 0.29 ) | ( 0.57 ; 0.28 ; 0.12 ) |
| CCT | 2700 Kelvin | 2500 Kelvin | 2700 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.023 | 0.013 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 25800 µW/cm² = 258 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 14200 µW/cm² = 142 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 1.55 µW/cm² = 0.0155 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 2.21 µW/cm² = 0.0221 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 21.6 µW/cm² = 0.216 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 1.55 µW/cm² = 0.0155 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 3.08 µW/cm² = 0.0308 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 20.1 µW/cm² = 0.201 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 3.62 µW/cm² = 0.0362 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 19.4 µW/cm² = 0.194 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 17 µW/cm² = 0.17 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 43.1 µW/cm² = 0.431 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 13.5 µW/cm² = 0.135 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 3430 µW/cm² = 34.3 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 8040 µW/cm² = 80.4 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 86.8 µW/cm² = 0.868 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 11900 µW/cm² = 119 W/m² VIS2 ( 400 nm - 680 nm) 6900 µW/cm² = 69 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 8000 µW/cm² = 80 W/m² tmp ( 400 nm - 1100 nm) 18900 µW/cm² = 189 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 616 µW/cm² = 6.16 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 1810 µW/cm² = 18.1 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 381 µW/cm² = 3.81 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 2560 µW/cm² = 25.6 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 6470 µW/cm² = 64.7 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 13300 µW/cm² = 133 W/m² IR2 ( 720 nm - 1100 nm) 9880 µW/cm² = 98.8 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 4470 µW/cm² = 44.7 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 0.132 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 1.24 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 0.194 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.00329 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.0107 Vitamin D3 0.647 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 5630 µW/cm² Luminosity 20900 lx Human L-Cone 3310 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 2240 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 473 µW/cm² CIE X 3250 µW/cm² CIE Y 2910 µW/cm² CIE Z 924 µW/cm² PAR 39600000 mol photons Extinction preD3 2.9 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 9.68 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 1360 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 0.557 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 13800 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 0.332 m²/mol L-Cone 3140 µW/cm² M-Cone 1560 µW/cm² S-Cone 675 µW/cm² U-Cone 130 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 0.103 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 859 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 533 µW/cm² (25.5 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 0.75 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 15000 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 0.47 µW/cm² Actinic UV 0.105 µW/cm² (0.05 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 769 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 436 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 212 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 2.66 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 0.185 Leybold UVB 1.95 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 15.1 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 4.05 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 0.44 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 0.843 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 9.09 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 15.4 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 1.22 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 0.000433 µW/cm² Luxmeter 19800 lx Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 0.578 IU/min UVX-31 4.93 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.00122 µW/cm² IL UVA 17.5 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 0.15 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 1.57 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 10.5) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 1.47 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 0.0796 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (manuf.) 270 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 0.397 mW/cm² LS122 (manuf.) 126 W/m² ISM400 (first guess) 299 W/m² LS122 (assumption) 122 W/m² ISM400_new 329 W/m² Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (assumption) 277 W/m²