Spectrum 358: BEX2 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Osram Osram GmbH http://www.osram.de/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Powerstar HQI TS 70W/NDL an old (1980s) version now obsolete – no UV Block |
| Lamp ID |
BEX2 (01/1991) |
| Spectrometer | USB2000+ |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 10 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Frances Baines |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
31/Jan/2011 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
27/Feb/2011
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.36 ; 0.34 ) | ( 0.28 ; 0.37 ) | ( 0.28 ; 0.2 ; 0.27 ) |
| CCT | 4200 Kelvin | 8500 Kelvin | 5600 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.035 | 0.072 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 7170 µW/cm² = 71.7 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 28.4 µW/cm² = 0.284 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 47.3 µW/cm² = 0.473 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 7170 µW/cm² = 71.7 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 119 µW/cm² = 1.19 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 137 µW/cm² = 1.37 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 951 µW/cm² = 9.51 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 99.9 µW/cm² = 0.999 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 84.6 µW/cm² = 0.846 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 832 µW/cm² = 8.32 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 102 µW/cm² = 1.02 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 814 µW/cm² = 8.14 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 748 µW/cm² = 7.48 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 984 µW/cm² = 9.84 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 585 µW/cm² = 5.85 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 4610 µW/cm² = 46.1 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 6040 µW/cm² = 60.4 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 709 µW/cm² = 7.09 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 5790 µW/cm² = 57.9 W/m² VIS2 ( 400 nm - 680 nm) 5020 µW/cm² = 50.2 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 5180 µW/cm² = 51.8 W/m² tmp ( 400 nm - 1100 nm) 5920 µW/cm² = 59.2 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 1190 µW/cm² = 11.9 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 1350 µW/cm² = 13.5 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 164 µW/cm² = 1.64 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 1460 µW/cm² = 14.6 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 917 µW/cm² = 9.17 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 738 µW/cm² = 7.38 W/m² IR2 ( 720 nm - 1100 nm) 652 µW/cm² = 6.52 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 35.2 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 55.5 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 47 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 27.6 µW/cm² DNA Damage 37.5 Vitamin D3 69.5 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 3580 µW/cm² Luminosity 15100 lx Human L-Cone 2310 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 1760 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 1040 µW/cm² CIE X 2240 µW/cm² CIE Y 2080 µW/cm² CIE Z 1840 µW/cm² PAR 24400000 mol photons Extinction preD3 544 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 1680 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 427000 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 439 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 2180000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 558 m²/mol L-Cone 2020 µW/cm² M-Cone 1430 µW/cm² S-Cone 1890 µW/cm² U-Cone 1750 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 57.8 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 1460 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 1270 µW/cm² (84.5 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 71 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 16000 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 51.6 µW/cm² Actinic UV 57.4 µW/cm² (38.1 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 496000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 612000 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 94100 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 207 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 24.6 Leybold UVB 104 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 630 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 18.3 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 184 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 50.9 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 62.4 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 426 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 706 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 97.8 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 22 µW/cm² Luxmeter 15100 lx Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 76.9 IU/min UVX-31 231 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.091 µW/cm² IL UVA 749 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 15.7 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 94.1 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 6.01) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 104 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 6.28 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (manuf.) 71.9 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 11.4 mW/cm² LS122 (manuf.) 0.413 W/m² ISM400 (first guess) 53.9 W/m² LS122 (assumption) 2.81 W/m² ISM400_new 47.4 W/m² Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (assumption) 67.7 W/m²