Spectrum 307: BV1 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Voltarc Voltarc Terra-R F20T12/Terra-R/BP-40W in twin fixture T12 |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Terra-R 40W |
| Lamp ID |
BV1 (02/2009) |
| Spectrometer | USB2000+ |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 10 cm |
| Age | 105 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Frances Baines |
Database entry created:
Maren
17/Jun/2010 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
27/Feb/2011
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.31 ; 0.32 ) | ( 0.4 ; 0.46 ) | ( 0.27 ; 0.29 ; 0.33 ) |
| CCT | 6900 Kelvin | 5100 Kelvin | 5300 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.12 | 0.087 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 2020 µW/cm² = 20.2 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 1.56 µW/cm² = 0.0156 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 2.1 µW/cm² = 0.021 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 2020 µW/cm² = 20.2 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 19.8 µW/cm² = 0.198 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 26.7 µW/cm² = 0.267 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 137 µW/cm² = 1.37 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 19.2 µW/cm² = 0.192 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 30 µW/cm² = 0.3 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 117 µW/cm² = 1.17 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 31.6 µW/cm² = 0.316 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 110 µW/cm² = 1.1 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 86.7 µW/cm² = 0.867 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 103 µW/cm² = 1.03 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 60.8 µW/cm² = 0.608 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 1390 µW/cm² = 13.9 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 1840 µW/cm² = 18.4 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 109 µW/cm² = 1.09 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 1870 µW/cm² = 18.7 W/m² VIS2 ( 400 nm - 680 nm) 1700 µW/cm² = 17 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 1750 µW/cm² = 17.5 W/m² tmp ( 400 nm - 1100 nm) 1850 µW/cm² = 18.5 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 520 µW/cm² = 5.2 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 545 µW/cm² = 5.45 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 67.2 µW/cm² = 0.672 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 359 µW/cm² = 3.59 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 267 µW/cm² = 2.67 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 101 µW/cm² = 1.01 W/m² IR2 ( 720 nm - 1100 nm) 62.7 µW/cm² = 0.627 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 2.1 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 10.2 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 2.86 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 1.46 µW/cm² DNA Damage 1.83 Vitamin D3 5.65 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 1240 µW/cm² Luminosity 4840 lx Human L-Cone 718 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 612 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 430 µW/cm² CIE X 657 µW/cm² CIE Y 670 µW/cm² CIE Z 800 µW/cm² PAR 8220000 mol photons Extinction preD3 45.5 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 141 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 29300 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 20.1 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 190000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 23.3 m²/mol L-Cone 602 µW/cm² M-Cone 638 µW/cm² S-Cone 732 µW/cm² U-Cone 232 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 2.73 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 594 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 479 µW/cm² (99 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 6.03 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 5090 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 5.81 µW/cm² Actinic UV 2.71 µW/cm² (5.6 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 23300 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 25700 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 8520 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 32.5 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 1.74 Leybold UVB 22.3 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 81.4 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 1.15 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 45.6 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 7.17 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 8.57 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 72 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 99.9 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 12.7 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 1.24 µW/cm² Luxmeter 4940 lx Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 5.44 IU/min UVX-31 51.7 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.0135 µW/cm² IL UVA 96.2 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 1.37 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 19.6 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 14.3) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 15.7 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 0.898 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (manuf.) 20.2 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 1.45 mW/cm² LS122 (manuf.) 0.00579 W/m² ISM400 (first guess) 14.1 W/m² LS122 (assumption) 0.682 W/m² ISM400_new 11.7 W/m² Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (assumption) 19.2 W/m²