Elvidge, C. D., Keith, D. M., Tuttle, B. T., & Baugh, K. E. (2010). Spectral identification of lighting type and character. Sensors, 10, 3961–3988.
Spectrum 772: Elvidge2010_30 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Iwasaki EYE Lighting Europe (Iwasaki) http://www.iwasaki.co.uk/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Self Ballasted Mercury Vapour Lamp 160W used in Elvidge, C. D., Keith, D. M., Tuttle, B. T., & Baugh, K. E. (2010). Spectral identification of lighting type and character. Sensors, 10, 3961–3988. |
| Lamp ID |
Elvidge2010_30 (01/2010) Elvidge, C. D., Keith, D. M., Tuttle, B. T., & Baugh, K. E. (2010). Spectral identification of lighting type and character. Sensors, 10, 3961–3988. Details in ALL_bands_20100303.xls * http://www.eye.co.jp/sources/mercury/pdf/p52-53.pdf * calculated from the spectrum: CCT 3758, CRI 53 * on the box: 3000 Lumens, 160 Watt Details in Mercury_Vapor_Lamp_20100311.xls * Iwasaki 60W |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Publication |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
19/Feb/2024 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
19/Feb/2024
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.4 ; 0.41 ) | ( 0.24 ; 0.33 ) | ( 0.4 ; 0.14 ; 0.2 ) |
| CCT | 3800 Kelvin | 14000 Kelvin | 3800 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.0018 | 0.15 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 150 µW/cm² = 1.5 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 17.3 µW/cm² = 0.173 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 0.977 µW/cm² = 0.00977 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 0.977 µW/cm² = 0.00977 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 0.977 µW/cm² = 0.00977 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 0.977 µW/cm² = 0.00977 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 1.05 µW/cm² = 0.0105 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 0.977 µW/cm² = 0.00977 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 5.36 µW/cm² = 0.0536 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 8.08 µW/cm² = 0.0808 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 0.402 µW/cm² = 0.00402 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 10.5 µW/cm² = 0.105 W/m² VIS2 ( 400 nm - 680 nm) 6.33 µW/cm² = 0.0633 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 7.03 µW/cm² = 0.0703 W/m² tmp ( 400 nm - 1100 nm) 35.7 µW/cm² = 0.357 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 0.865 µW/cm² = 0.00865 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 1.83 µW/cm² = 0.0183 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 1.01 µW/cm² = 0.0101 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 1.42 µW/cm² = 0.0142 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 5 µW/cm² = 0.05 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 60.2 µW/cm² = 0.602 W/m² IR2 ( 720 nm - 1100 nm) 27.9 µW/cm² = 0.279 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 81.3 µW/cm² = 0.813 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 0.00016 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 2.56E-5 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 0 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0 µW/cm² DNA Damage 8.82E-7 Vitamin D3 0 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 4.76 µW/cm² Luminosity 22.6 lx Human L-Cone 3.46 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 2.66 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 0.803 µW/cm² CIE X 3.1 µW/cm² CIE Y 3.19 µW/cm² CIE Z 1.44 µW/cm² PAR 35300 mol photons Extinction preD3 0 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 0 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 0.061 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 0 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 1.15 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 0 m²/mol L-Cone 3.14 µW/cm² M-Cone 1.13 µW/cm² S-Cone 1.56 µW/cm² U-Cone 2.07 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 0.000108 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 1.03 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 0.934 µW/cm² (41.3 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 0 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 18.6 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 0 µW/cm² Actinic UV 0.000108 µW/cm² (0.0478 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 0 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 0 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 0.0642 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 0.00395 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 9.47E-5 Leybold UVB 0 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 0.664 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 1.33E-5 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 0 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 0 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 0.362 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 0.799 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB -0.000139 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 0 µW/cm² Luxmeter 23.1 lx Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 0.000296 IU/min UVX-31 0.0264 µW/cm² IL UVB 3.11E-6 µW/cm² IL UVA 0.904 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 3.17E-5 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 0.000249 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 7.85) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 0.000181 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 0.000175 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (manuf.) 0.536 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 0.0124 mW/cm² LS122 (manuf.) 1.27 W/m² ISM400 (first guess) 0.651 W/m² LS122 (assumption) 1.17 W/m² ISM400_new 0.799 W/m² Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (assumption) 0.548 W/m²