Solar altitude 33.0° Puerto Rico,
Gran Canaria (Latitude 27°47'N,
Longitude 15°43'W)
June 19th 2011 Local time 09:49h
Spectrum 513: SUN Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
other other |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Sun Direct sunlight |
| Lamp ID |
SUN (01/2000) |
| Spectrometer | USB2000+ (2) |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Frances Baines |
Database entry created:
Frances Baines
26/Oct/2014 ; updated:
Frances Baines
26/Oct/2014
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.33 ; 0.32 ) | ( 0.41 ; 0.4 ) | ( 0.28 ; 0.3 ; 0.29 ) |
| CCT | 5900 Kelvin | 4800 Kelvin | 5200 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.065 | 0.054 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 40700 µW/cm² = 407 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 40700 µW/cm² = 407 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 22.7 µW/cm² = 0.227 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 49.1 µW/cm² = 0.491 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 1340 µW/cm² = 13.4 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 22.7 µW/cm² = 0.227 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 205 µW/cm² = 2.05 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 1320 µW/cm² = 13.2 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 260 µW/cm² = 2.6 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 1290 µW/cm² = 12.9 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 1110 µW/cm² = 11.1 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 1790 µW/cm² = 17.9 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 854 µW/cm² = 8.54 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 20200 µW/cm² = 202 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 29400 µW/cm² = 294 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 2280 µW/cm² = 22.8 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 33800 µW/cm² = 338 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 27800 µW/cm² = 278 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 7310 µW/cm² = 73.1 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 7540 µW/cm² = 75.4 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 901 µW/cm² = 9.01 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 6100 µW/cm² = 61 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 9610 µW/cm² = 96.1 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 10900 µW/cm² = 109 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 1.39 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 17 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 1.61 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.0178 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.0628 Vitamin D3 4.47 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 20100 µW/cm² Luminosity 70000 lx Human L-Cone 10500 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 8590 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 5880 µW/cm² CIE X 9940 µW/cm² CIE Y 9640 µW/cm² CIE Z 11000 µW/cm² PAR 131000000 mol photons Extinction preD3 52.1 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 199 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 30600 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 2.95 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 381000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 1.99 m²/mol L-Cone 9060 µW/cm² M-Cone 9810 µW/cm² S-Cone 9580 µW/cm² U-Cone 4300 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 0.86 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 8800 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 6690 µW/cm² (95.6 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 4.76 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 76200 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 10.9 µW/cm² Actinic UV 0.86 µW/cm² (0.123 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 5740 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 3030 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 8490 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 80.4 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 1.52 Leybold UVB 48.9 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 985 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0.000637 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 220 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 19.6 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 9.86 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 655 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 1070 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 21.1 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC -0.0163 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 4.75 IU/min UVX-31 273 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.0413 µW/cm² IL UVA 1160 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 1.32 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 59.9 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 45.6) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 20.7 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 1.63 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 482 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 20.6 mW/cm² LS122 6.24 W/m² ISM400 434 W/m²