global normal irradiance under U.S. Standard Atmosphere (same as ASTM G-173-03)
85 degrees
created by Quentin Dishman using SMARTS, the atmosphere is identical to the SMARTS inputs used to create the ASTM "global tilt" spectrum (the one that's 11 degrees off of "normal")
| Brand |
other other |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Sun Direct sunlight |
| Lamp ID |
SUN (01/2000) |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Sarina Wunderlich |
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.32 ; 0.33 ) | ( 0.4 ; 0.37 ) | ( 0.27 ; 0.29 ; 0.27 ) |
| CCT | 5900 Kelvin | 4900 Kelvin | 5300 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.029 | 0.03 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 110000 µW/cm² = 1100 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 4.45E-5 µW/cm² = 4.45E-7 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 75600 µW/cm² = 756 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 190 µW/cm² = 1.9 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 355 µW/cm² = 3.55 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 4820 µW/cm² = 48.2 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 190 µW/cm² = 1.9 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 1030 µW/cm² = 10.3 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 4620 µW/cm² = 46.2 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 1190 µW/cm² = 11.9 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 4460 µW/cm² = 44.6 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 3600 µW/cm² = 36 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 5080 µW/cm² = 50.8 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 2560 µW/cm² = 25.6 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 38600 µW/cm² = 386 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 53700 µW/cm² = 537 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 4830 µW/cm² = 48.3 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 60600 µW/cm² = 606 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 49300 µW/cm² = 493 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 12200 µW/cm² = 122 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 14900 µW/cm² = 149 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 1690 µW/cm² = 16.9 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 10300 µW/cm² = 103 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 16700 µW/cm² = 167 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 42900 µW/cm² = 429 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 10700 µW/cm² = 107 W/m²
Erythema 10.1 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 135 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 14.6 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.158 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.506 Vitamin D3 43.2 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 35100 µW/cm² Luminosity 131000 lx Human L-Cone 19600 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 16400 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 10000 µW/cm² CIE X 17600 µW/cm² CIE Y 18200 µW/cm² CIE Z 18600 µW/cm² PAR 232000000 mol photons Extinction preD3 381 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 1390 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 197000 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 27.3 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 2310000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 14.3 m²/mol L-Cone 16600 µW/cm² M-Cone 18000 µW/cm² S-Cone 16600 µW/cm² U-Cone 10300 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 6.17 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 15300 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 11600 µW/cm² (88.2 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 48 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 141000 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 74.4 µW/cm² Actinic UV 6.19 µW/cm² (0.472 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 49300 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 21800 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 45600 m²/mol
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 505 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 13.2 Leybold UVB 337 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 3330 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0.00146 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 1150 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 116 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 98.3 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 2760 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 3780 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 153 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC -0.0916 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 41.3 IU/min UVX-31 1350 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.237 µW/cm² IL UVA 3880 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 11.6 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 367 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 31.7) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 174 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 11.1 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 1090 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 62.7 mW/cm² LS122 259 W/m² ISM400 1060 W/m²