global normal irradiance under U.S. Standard Atmosphere (same as ASTM G-173-03)
75 degrees
created by Quentin Dishman using SMARTS, the atmosphere is identical to the SMARTS inputs used to create the ASTM "global tilt" spectrum (the one that's 11 degrees off of "normal")
| Brand |
other other |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Sun Direct sunlight |
| Lamp ID |
SUN (01/2000) |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Sarina Wunderlich |
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.32 ; 0.33 ) | ( 0.4 ; 0.37 ) | ( 0.27 ; 0.29 ; 0.27 ) |
| CCT | 5900 Kelvin | 4900 Kelvin | 5300 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.029 | 0.03 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 110000 µW/cm² = 1100 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 2.85E-5 µW/cm² = 2.85E-7 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 74900 µW/cm² = 749 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 178 µW/cm² = 1.78 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 336 µW/cm² = 3.36 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 4690 µW/cm² = 46.9 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 178 µW/cm² = 1.78 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 993 µW/cm² = 9.93 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 4510 µW/cm² = 45.1 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 1160 µW/cm² = 11.6 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 4350 µW/cm² = 43.5 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 3510 µW/cm² = 35.1 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 4980 µW/cm² = 49.8 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 2510 µW/cm² = 25.1 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 38200 µW/cm² = 382 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 53200 µW/cm² = 532 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 4760 µW/cm² = 47.6 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 60100 µW/cm² = 601 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 48900 µW/cm² = 489 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 12100 µW/cm² = 121 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 14800 µW/cm² = 148 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 1680 µW/cm² = 16.8 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 10200 µW/cm² = 102 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 16600 µW/cm² = 166 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 42800 µW/cm² = 428 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 10700 µW/cm² = 107 W/m²
Erythema 9.42 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 127 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 13.5 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.143 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.456 Vitamin D3 39.9 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 34800 µW/cm² Luminosity 130000 lx Human L-Cone 19400 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 16300 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 9930 µW/cm² CIE X 17400 µW/cm² CIE Y 18000 µW/cm² CIE Z 18400 µW/cm² PAR 230000000 mol photons Extinction preD3 359 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 1310 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 187000 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 24.7 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 2200000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 12.7 m²/mol L-Cone 16500 µW/cm² M-Cone 17800 µW/cm² S-Cone 16400 µW/cm² U-Cone 10100 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 5.68 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 15100 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 11400 µW/cm² (88 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 44.2 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 140000 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 70.5 µW/cm² Actinic UV 5.7 µW/cm² (0.438 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 45300 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 19600 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 43700 m²/mol
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 481 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 12.2 Leybold UVB 320 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 3250 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0.00119 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 1110 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 111 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 91.4 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 2680 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 3680 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 145 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC -0.0882 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 38.2 IU/min UVX-31 1300 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.227 µW/cm² IL UVA 3780 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 10.8 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 351 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 32.6) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 163 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 10.5 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 1080 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 61.2 mW/cm² LS122 258 W/m² ISM400 1060 W/m²