global normal irradiance under U.S. Standard Atmosphere (same as ASTM G-173-03)
5 degrees
created by Quentin Dishman using SMARTS, the atmosphere is identical to the SMARTS inputs used to create the ASTM "global tilt" spectrum (the one that's 11 degrees off of "normal")
| Brand |
other other |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Sun Direct sunlight |
| Lamp ID |
SUN (01/2000) |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Sarina Wunderlich |
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.42 ; 0.4 ) | ( 0.6 ; 0.3 ) | ( 0.48 ; 0.31 ; 0.16 ) |
| CCT | 3300 Kelvin | 2900 Kelvin | 3200 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.01 | 0.025 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 35800 µW/cm² = 358 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 7.67E-10 µW/cm² = 7.67E-12 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 17900 µW/cm² = 179 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 0.258 µW/cm² = 0.00258 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 1.02 µW/cm² = 0.0102 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 115 µW/cm² = 1.15 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 0.258 µW/cm² = 0.00258 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 14.9 µW/cm² = 0.149 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 115 µW/cm² = 1.15 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 22.1 µW/cm² = 0.221 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 114 µW/cm² = 1.14 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 99.9 µW/cm² = 0.999 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 153 µW/cm² = 1.53 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 73.6 µW/cm² = 0.736 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 4150 µW/cm² = 41.5 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 8610 µW/cm² = 86.1 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 186 µW/cm² = 1.86 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 12400 µW/cm² = 124 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 8480 µW/cm² = 84.8 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 912 µW/cm² = 9.12 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 2210 µW/cm² = 22.1 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 305 µW/cm² = 3.05 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 2460 µW/cm² = 24.6 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 6360 µW/cm² = 63.6 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 21000 µW/cm² = 210 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 5960 µW/cm² = 59.6 W/m²
Erythema 0.0464 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 0.465 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 0.0147 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 6.14E-5 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.000448 Vitamin D3 0.0394 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 6050 µW/cm² Luminosity 22600 lx Human L-Cone 3510 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 2550 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 715 µW/cm² CIE X 3280 µW/cm² CIE Y 3150 µW/cm² CIE Z 1380 µW/cm² PAR 42200000 mol photons Extinction preD3 1.59 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 6.71 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 1480 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 0.0134 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 20800 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 0.00443 m²/mol L-Cone 3230 µW/cm² M-Cone 2110 µW/cm² S-Cone 1050 µW/cm² U-Cone 357 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 0.0279 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 1260 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 806 µW/cm² (35.6 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 0.0356 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 17700 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 0.409 µW/cm² Actinic UV 0.0279 µW/cm² (0.0124 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 76.1 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 16.8 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 582 m²/mol
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 3.35 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 0.032 Leybold UVB 1.74 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 88.8 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 1.48E-7 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 15.5 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 0.996 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 0.103 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 62.1 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 94.7 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 0.76 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC -0.000356 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 0.0999 IU/min UVX-31 20.7 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.00245 µW/cm² IL UVA 103 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 0.0269 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 2.85 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 106) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 0.364 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 0.0545 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 364 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 1.77 mW/cm² LS122 140 W/m² ISM400 419 W/m²