Reptile Lamp Database

Spectrum 7: BA9 Edit
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Full Spectrum

Measurement

Brand Arcadia
UK company https://www.arcadiareptile.com/
Lamp Product Natural Sunlight 18W
2% UV-B, 5600K
Lamp ID BA9 (05/2007)
Spectrometer USB 2000
Ballast - no ballast or default/unknown ballast -
Reflector
Distance 10 cm
Age 1,500 hours
Originator (measurement) Frances Baines
Database entry created: Sarina Wunderlich 9/Nov/2009 ; updated: Sarina Wunderlich 9/Oct/2011

Colorimetry

Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.

WARNING: The measurement range (350 - 800 nm) is not sufficient for this evaluation! Data is only available in the range 250.17 - 780.01 nm. Results are shown anyway but should be ignored by anyone except experts.

Spectrum in the visible wavelength range

Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).

From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338451, 511513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.

Human (CIE) 3 cone reptile 4 cone reptile
Cone Excitation
Colour Coordinate ( 0.34 ; 0.34 ) ( 0.42 ; 0.43 ) ( 0.31 ; 0.29 ; 0.29 )
CCT 5400 Kelvin 4700 Kelvin 4700 Kelvin
distance 0.088 0.061
colour space 3-D-graph not implemented yet

Vitamin D3 Analysis

Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.

This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.

Spectrum in the vitamin D3 active wavelength range

The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.

Effective Irradiances

Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.

The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula

To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).

The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists

  • range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
  • radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
then any Solarmeter 6.2 reading multiplied with 0.7 (0.7=13.8/19.6) is an estimate of UVB irradiance for this specific lamp. If you do so, always make sure, that the calculated (effective) irradiance is valid. The calculated value is not valid, if the lamp's spectrum is not measured in the relevant range.

Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 700 µW/cm² = 7 W/m²
UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0.931 µW/cm² = 0.00931 W/m²
non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 1.13 µW/cm² = 0.0113 W/m²
total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 700 µW/cm² = 7 W/m²
UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 8.52 µW/cm² = 0.0852 W/m²
UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 14.1 µW/cm² = 0.141 W/m²
UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 73.2 µW/cm² = 0.732 W/m²
Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 8.32 µW/cm² = 0.0832 W/m²
UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 24.8 µW/cm² = 0.248 W/m²
UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 64.6 µW/cm² = 0.646 W/m²
UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 26.8 µW/cm² = 0.268 W/m²
UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 59.1 µW/cm² = 0.591 W/m²
UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 39.8 µW/cm² = 0.398 W/m²
UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 41.3 µW/cm² = 0.413 W/m²
vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 20.1 µW/cm² = 0.201 W/m²
VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 483 µW/cm² = 4.83 W/m²
VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 627 µW/cm² = 6.27 W/m²
purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 40.6 µW/cm² = 0.406 W/m²
VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 626 µW/cm² = 6.26 W/m²
PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 598 µW/cm² = 5.98 W/m²
blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 167 µW/cm² = 1.67 W/m²
green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 202 µW/cm² = 2.02 W/m²
yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 22.1 µW/cm² = 0.221 W/m²
orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 156 µW/cm² = 1.56 W/m²
red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 37.8 µW/cm² = 0.378 W/m²
IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 19 µW/cm² = 0.19 W/m²
IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 0.932 UV-Index
Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 4.94 µW/cm²
Photoceratitis 1.18 µW/cm²
Photoconjunctivitis 0.882 µW/cm²
DNA Damage 1.02
Vitamin D3 2.22 µW/cm²
Photosynthesis 405 µW/cm²
Luminosity 1910 lx
Human L-Cone 287 µW/cm²
Human M-Cone 235 µW/cm²
Human S-Cone 135 µW/cm²
CIE X 260 µW/cm²
CIE Y 265 µW/cm²
CIE Z 252 µW/cm²
PAR 2790000 mol photons
Extinction preD3 23.4 e-3*m²/mol
Extinction Tachysterol 69.9 e-3*m²/mol
Exctincition PreD3 15700 m²/mol
Extinction Lumisterol 9.42 m²/mol
Exctincition Tachysterol 98700 m²/mol
Extinction 7DHC 10.6 m²/mol
L-Cone 240 µW/cm²
M-Cone 227 µW/cm²
S-Cone 228 µW/cm²
U-Cone 80.3 µW/cm²
UVR - ICNIRP 2004 1.2 Rel Biol Eff
Melatonin Supression 196 µW/cm²
Blue Light Hazard 153 µW/cm² (79.9 µW/cm² per 1000 lx)
CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 2.36 µW/cm²
Lumen Reptil 1850 "pseudo-lx"
Vitamin D3 Degradation 2.91 µW/cm²
Actinic UV 1.2 µW/cm² (6.26 mW/klm)
Exctincition Lumisterol 10700 m²/mol
Exctincition 7DHC 11300 m²/mol
Exctincition Toxisterols 5830 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 18.1 µW/cm²
Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 0.684
Leybold UVB 11.9 µW/cm²
Leybold UVA 43 µW/cm²
Leybold UVC 0.764 µW/cm²
DeltaOhm UVB 31.2 µW/cm²
DeltaOhm UVC 4.44 µW/cm²
Vernier UVB 3.75 µW/cm²
Vernier UVA 44.3 µW/cm²
Gröbel UVA 54.3 µW/cm²
Gröbel UVB 6.06 µW/cm²
Gröbel UVC 0.782 µW/cm²
Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 2.14 IU/min
UVX-31 34 µW/cm²
IL UVB 0.00756 µW/cm²
IL UVA 48.2 µW/cm²
Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 0.591 UV-Index
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 11.9 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 20.1)
Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 7.26 UV Index
GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 0.446 UV-Index
Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 6.69 W/m²
Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 0.688 mW/cm²
LS122 0 W/m²
ISM400 4.35 W/m²