Spectrum 574: Morita2016_LEDs Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Nikkiso |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Generic UV LED |
| Lamp ID |
Morita2016_LEDs (01/2016) LEDs used in Morita, D., Nishida, Y., Higuchi, Y., Seki, T., Ikuta, K., Asano, H. & Ishiguro, N. (2016) Short-range ultraviolet irradiation with LED device effectively increases serum levels of 25(OH)D. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 164 256–263. |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 10 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Publication |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
21/Aug/2021 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
22/Aug/2021
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
WARNING: The measurement range (350 - 800 nm) is not sufficient for this evaluation! Data is only available in the range 267.5 - 347.1 nm. Results are shown anyway but should be ignored by anyone except experts.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( NAN ; NAN ) | ( 0.00035 ; 0.089 ) | ( 0.00027 ; 0.00035 ; 0.089 ) |
| CCT | 0 Kelvin | 0 Kelvin | 0 Kelvin |
| distance | 0 | 0 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 539 µW/cm² = 5.39 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 1.21 µW/cm² = 0.0121 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 6.65 µW/cm² = 0.0665 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 539 µW/cm² = 5.39 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 457 µW/cm² = 4.57 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 501 µW/cm² = 5.01 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 537 µW/cm² = 5.37 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 452 µW/cm² = 4.52 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 77 µW/cm² = 0.77 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 79.2 µW/cm² = 0.792 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 35.5 µW/cm² = 0.355 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 36.4 µW/cm² = 0.364 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 2.29 µW/cm² = 0.0229 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 0.991 µW/cm² = 0.00991 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 66.2 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 316 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 94.5 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 3.88 µW/cm² DNA Damage 12.6 Vitamin D3 249 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 0 µW/cm² Luminosity 0 lx Human L-Cone 0 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 0 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 0 µW/cm² CIE X 0 µW/cm² CIE Y 0 µW/cm² CIE Z 0 µW/cm² PAR 0 mol photons Extinction preD3 924 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 3230 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 459000 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 402 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 4100000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 456 m²/mol L-Cone 1.1E-7 µW/cm² M-Cone 1.44E-7 µW/cm² S-Cone 3.62E-5 µW/cm² U-Cone 0.000372 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 70.4 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 0 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 4.14 µW/cm² (NAN µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 275 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 0.000477 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 128 µW/cm² Actinic UV 68.9 µW/cm² (NAN mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 487000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 558000 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 42400 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 563 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 71.1 Leybold UVB 450 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 15 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0.312 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 436 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 88.1 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 292 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 134 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 91.4 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 349 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 0.279 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 222 IU/min UVX-31 493 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.256 µW/cm² IL UVA 38.9 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 50.8 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 275 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 5.4) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 414 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 19.7 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 1.8 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 0.728 mW/cm² LS122 0 W/m² ISM400 0.0397 W/m²