Spectrum taken from
Arij Rijke et al: "The energy balances of three generations of
Ceramic High Intensity Discharge Lamps" and converted from W/cm-1 to µW/nm
Measurement directly at the burner, without the outer glass envelope
Spectrum 551: AR-CDMT3 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Philips Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. http://www.philips.com/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
CDM-T elite light boost 70W/930 CRI 95, 108 lm/W |
| Lamp ID |
AR-CDMT3 (01/2011) Lamp used by Arij Rijke in his dissertation, date roughly guessed |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Publication |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
25/Sep/2020 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
16/Jun/2023
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.42 ; 0.38 ) | ( 0.33 ; 0.35 ) | ( 0.4 ; 0.2 ; 0.21 ) |
| CCT | 3200 Kelvin | 6600 Kelvin | 3800 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.0059 | 0.095 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 68300000 µW/cm² = 683000 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 22500 µW/cm² = 225 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 52400 µW/cm² = 524 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 32600000 µW/cm² = 326000 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 201000 µW/cm² = 2010 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 222000 µW/cm² = 2220 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 2910000 µW/cm² = 29100 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 171000 µW/cm² = 1710 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 194000 µW/cm² = 1940 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 2710000 µW/cm² = 27100 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 251000 µW/cm² = 2510 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 2690000 µW/cm² = 26900 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 2520000 µW/cm² = 25200 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 3190000 µW/cm² = 31900 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 2140000 µW/cm² = 21400 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 18600000 µW/cm² = 186000 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 26400000 µW/cm² = 264000 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 2190000 µW/cm² = 21900 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 26100000 µW/cm² = 261000 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 23500000 µW/cm² = 235000 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 3590000 µW/cm² = 35900 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 6470000 µW/cm² = 64700 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 650000 µW/cm² = 6500 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 9000000 µW/cm² = 90000 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 4140000 µW/cm² = 41400 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 12300000 µW/cm² = 123000 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 7060000 µW/cm² = 70600 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 49700 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 94700 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 74700 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 24700 µW/cm² DNA Damage 40200 Vitamin D3 114000 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 15400000 µW/cm² Luminosity 79700000 lx Human L-Cone 12500000 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 8840000 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 3210000 µW/cm² CIE X 12100000 µW/cm² CIE Y 11100000 µW/cm² CIE Z 5640000 µW/cm² PAR 113000000000 mol photons Extinction preD3 712000 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 2450000 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 519000000 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 560000 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 3290000000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 732000 m²/mol L-Cone 11100000 µW/cm² M-Cone 5530000 µW/cm² S-Cone 5850000 µW/cm² U-Cone 5420000 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 77200 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 4630000 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 3970000 µW/cm² (49.8 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 117000 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 68000000 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 81700 µW/cm² Actinic UV 76700 µW/cm² (9.62 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 646000000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 819000000 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 79100000 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 329000 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 39500 Leybold UVB 178000 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 2100000 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 12400 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 359000 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 69800 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 110000 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 1300000 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 2320000 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 163000 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 16700 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 123000 IU/min UVX-31 513000 µW/cm² IL UVB 159 µW/cm² IL UVA 2480000 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 24100 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 157000 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 6.53) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 173000 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 9950 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 404000 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 36500 mW/cm² LS122 89900 W/m² ISM400 357000 W/m²