Spectrum taken from
Arij Rijke et al: "The energy balances of three generations of
Ceramic High Intensity Discharge Lamps" and converted from W/cm-1 to µW/nm
Measurement directly at the burner, without the outer glass envelope
Spectrum 550: AR-CDMT2 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Philips Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. http://www.philips.com/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
CDM-T elite 70W/930 CRI 90, 105 lm/W |
| Lamp ID |
AR-CDMT2 (01/2011) Lamp used by Arij Rijke in his dissertation, date roughly guessed |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Publication |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
25/Sep/2020 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
25/Sep/2020
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.4 ; 0.39 ) | ( 0.38 ; 0.36 ) | ( 0.4 ; 0.23 ; 0.22 ) |
| CCT | 3700 Kelvin | 5200 Kelvin | 3700 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.022 | 0.067 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 70700000 µW/cm² = 707000 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 32100 µW/cm² = 321 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 76800 µW/cm² = 768 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 37300000 µW/cm² = 373000 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 311000 µW/cm² = 3110 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 338000 µW/cm² = 3380 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 3090000 µW/cm² = 30900 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 266000 µW/cm² = 2660 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 257000 µW/cm² = 2570 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 2780000 µW/cm² = 27800 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 289000 µW/cm² = 2890 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 2750000 µW/cm² = 27500 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 2520000 µW/cm² = 25200 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 3210000 µW/cm² = 32100 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 2310000 µW/cm² = 23100 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 22300000 µW/cm² = 223000 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 31400000 µW/cm² = 314000 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 1690000 µW/cm² = 16900 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 30900000 µW/cm² = 309000 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 28400000 µW/cm² = 284000 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 4790000 µW/cm² = 47900 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 8970000 µW/cm² = 89700 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 681000 µW/cm² = 6810 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 10900000 µW/cm² = 109000 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 3860000 µW/cm² = 38600 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 12700000 µW/cm² = 127000 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 8130000 µW/cm² = 81300 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 75400 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 147000 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 114000 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 36400 µW/cm² DNA Damage 59600 Vitamin D3 176000 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 18400000 µW/cm² Luminosity 98000000 lx Human L-Cone 15100000 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 11300000 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 3980000 µW/cm² CIE X 13800000 µW/cm² CIE Y 13700000 µW/cm² CIE Z 7210000 µW/cm² PAR 136000000000 mol photons Extinction preD3 1080000 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 3720000 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 775000000 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 842000 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 4900000000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 1100000 m²/mol L-Cone 13200000 µW/cm² M-Cone 7560000 µW/cm² S-Cone 7150000 µW/cm² U-Cone 4970000 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 117000 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 5610000 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 4690000 µW/cm² (47.9 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 182000 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 80800000 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 124000 µW/cm² Actinic UV 116000 µW/cm² (11.8 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 974000000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 1240000000 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 112000000 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 496000 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 60600 Leybold UVB 274000 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 2190000 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 18100 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 477000 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 105000 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 171000 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 1390000 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 2440000 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 247000 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 24500 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 189000 IU/min UVX-31 643000 µW/cm² IL UVB 230 µW/cm² IL UVA 2570000 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 37000 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 238000 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 6.42) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 266000 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 14900 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 459000 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 37000 mW/cm² LS122 98300 W/m² ISM400 396000 W/m²