Spectrum taken from
Arij Rijke et al: "The energy balances of three generations of
Ceramic High Intensity Discharge Lamps" and converted from W/cm-1 to µW/nm
Measurement directly at the burner, without the outer glass envelope
Spectrum 549: AR-CDMT1 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Philips Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. http://www.philips.com/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
CDM-T 70W/830 CRI 84, 93 lm/W |
| Lamp ID |
AR-CDMT1 (01/2011) Lamp used in dissertation Arij Rijke, date rough guess |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Publication |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
25/Sep/2020 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
25/Sep/2020
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.41 ; 0.38 ) | ( 0.44 ; 0.35 ) | ( 0.42 ; 0.26 ; 0.2 ) |
| CCT | 3400 Kelvin | 4300 Kelvin | 3600 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.013 | 0.036 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 74600000 µW/cm² = 746000 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 16600 µW/cm² = 166 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 36300 µW/cm² = 363 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 41200000 µW/cm² = 412000 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 144000 µW/cm² = 1440 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 152000 µW/cm² = 1520 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 1630000 µW/cm² = 16300 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 124000 µW/cm² = 1240 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 97900 µW/cm² = 979 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 1490000 µW/cm² = 14900 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 131000 µW/cm² = 1310 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 1480000 µW/cm² = 14800 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 1390000 µW/cm² = 13900 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 2210000 µW/cm² = 22100 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 1240000 µW/cm² = 12400 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 21400000 µW/cm² = 214000 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 32900000 µW/cm² = 329000 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 1710000 µW/cm² = 17100 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 34700000 µW/cm² = 347000 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 30800000 µW/cm² = 308000 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 4900000 µW/cm² = 49000 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 9280000 µW/cm² = 92800 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 1070000 µW/cm² = 10700 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 11500000 µW/cm² = 115000 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 6270000 µW/cm² = 62700 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 18300000 µW/cm² = 183000 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 7980000 µW/cm² = 79800 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 35200 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 74000 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 52200 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 17700 µW/cm² DNA Damage 28100 Vitamin D3 84200 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 20500000 µW/cm² Luminosity 101000000 lx Human L-Cone 15700000 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 11400000 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 4080000 µW/cm² CIE X 14900000 µW/cm² CIE Y 14000000 µW/cm² CIE Z 7580000 µW/cm² PAR 148000000000 mol photons Extinction preD3 504000 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 1700000 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 362000000 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 389000 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 2250000000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 501000 m²/mol L-Cone 14000000 µW/cm² M-Cone 8760000 µW/cm² S-Cone 6840000 µW/cm² U-Cone 4090000 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 53800 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 6210000 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 4690000 µW/cm² (46.5 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 88000 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 83800000 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 56500 µW/cm² Actinic UV 53400 µW/cm² (5.29 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 448000000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 560000000 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 58300000 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 222000 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 28500 Leybold UVB 124000 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 1190000 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 9440 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 208000 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 46100 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 86000 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 683000 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 1280000 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 117000 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 12300 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 89200 IU/min UVX-31 294000 µW/cm² IL UVB 106 µW/cm² IL UVA 1390000 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 17900 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 100000 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 5.62) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 128000 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 7130 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 558000 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 22900 mW/cm² LS122 125000 W/m² ISM400 516000 W/m²