Spectrum 487: McKinlay9 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
other other |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Tungsten Halogen 9 MacKinlay, A. F., Whillock, J., & Meulemans, C. C. E. (1989). Ultraviolet radiation and blue-light emissions from spotlights incorporating tungsten halogen lamps. National Radiological Protection Board. Lamp 9 |
| Lamp ID |
McKinlay9 (11/2013) |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 30 cm |
| Age | 20 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Publication |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
2/Nov/2013 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
2/Nov/2013
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.44 ; 0.4 ) | ( 0.58 ; 0.29 ) | ( 0.5 ; 0.29 ; 0.15 ) |
| CCT | 3000 Kelvin | 3000 Kelvin | 3000 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.0027 | 0.0037 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 9290 µW/cm² = 92.9 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 2270 µW/cm² = 22.7 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 1.67 µW/cm² = 0.0167 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 2.05 µW/cm² = 0.0205 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 18.1 µW/cm² = 0.181 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 1.67 µW/cm² = 0.0167 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 2.92 µW/cm² = 0.0292 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 16.5 µW/cm² = 0.165 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 3.26 µW/cm² = 0.0326 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 16.1 µW/cm² = 0.161 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 13.5 µW/cm² = 0.135 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 23.3 µW/cm² = 0.233 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 10.5 µW/cm² = 0.105 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 475 µW/cm² = 4.75 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 1000 µW/cm² = 10 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 24.3 µW/cm² = 0.243 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 1540 µW/cm² = 15.4 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 979 µW/cm² = 9.79 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 93.9 µW/cm² = 0.939 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 249 µW/cm² = 2.49 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 26.1 µW/cm² = 0.261 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 320 µW/cm² = 3.2 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 824 µW/cm² = 8.24 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 5400 µW/cm² = 54 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 2880 µW/cm² = 28.8 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 0.133 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 1.15 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 0.189 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.00308 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.0117 Vitamin D3 0.625 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 698 µW/cm² Luminosity 2610 lx Human L-Cone 409 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 287 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 74.6 µW/cm² CIE X 394 µW/cm² CIE Y 363 µW/cm² CIE Z 144 µW/cm² PAR 4890000 mol photons Extinction preD3 2.81 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 9.5 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 1340 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 0.577 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 13500 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 0.384 m²/mol L-Cone 382 µW/cm² M-Cone 218 µW/cm² S-Cone 111 µW/cm² U-Cone 48.7 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 0.11 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 130 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 84.5 µW/cm² (32.4 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 0.703 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 2000 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 0.45 µW/cm² Actinic UV 0.112 µW/cm² (0.43 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 790 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 521 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 205 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 2.53 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 0.178 Leybold UVB 1.89 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 12 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 3.92 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 0.433 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 1.05 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 8.01 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 13.2 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 1.16 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 0.000161 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 0.557 IU/min UVX-31 4.75 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.00117 µW/cm² IL UVA 14.2 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 0.142 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 1.54 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 10.9) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 1.39 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 0.0738 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 61.1 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 0.253 mW/cm² LS122 57.7 W/m² ISM400 73.3 W/m²