Lamp submitted by Michael Capek - possible association with case of photokeratoconjunctivitis in reptile
Spectrum 471: BEC22 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Exo Terra Rolf C. Hagen Inc. http://www.hagen.com/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Repti Glo 10.0 compact 26W |
| Lamp ID |
BEC22 (07/2010) Lamp submitted by Michael Capek - possible association with case of photokeratoconjunctivitis in reptile |
| Spectrometer | USB2000+ (2) |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 10 cm |
| Age | 220 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Frances Baines |
Database entry created:
Frances Baines
12/Feb/2012 ; updated:
Frances Baines
12/Feb/2012
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
WARNING: The measurement range (350 - 800 nm) is not sufficient for this evaluation! Data is only available in the range 250.23 - 750.24 nm. Results are shown anyway but should be ignored by anyone except experts.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.38 ; 0.37 ) | ( 0.26 ; 0.47 ) | ( 0.37 ; 0.16 ; 0.3 ) |
| CCT | 3900 Kelvin | 9000 Kelvin | 4100 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.14 | 0.15 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 1160 µW/cm² = 11.6 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0.564 µW/cm² = 0.00564 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 1.88 µW/cm² = 0.0188 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 1160 µW/cm² = 11.6 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 66 µW/cm² = 0.66 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 86.3 µW/cm² = 0.863 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 223 µW/cm² = 2.23 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 64.7 µW/cm² = 0.647 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 75.9 µW/cm² = 0.759 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 157 µW/cm² = 1.57 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 67.7 µW/cm² = 0.677 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 136 µW/cm² = 1.36 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 80.7 µW/cm² = 0.807 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 73.1 µW/cm² = 0.731 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 55.3 µW/cm² = 0.553 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 708 µW/cm² = 7.08 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 970 µW/cm² = 9.7 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 88.2 µW/cm² = 0.882 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 936 µW/cm² = 9.36 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 910 µW/cm² = 9.1 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 184 µW/cm² = 1.84 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 284 µW/cm² = 2.84 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 53.9 µW/cm² = 0.539 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 278 µW/cm² = 2.78 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 47.6 µW/cm² = 0.476 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 21.6 µW/cm² = 0.216 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 6.99 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 37.9 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 10.6 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.938 µW/cm² DNA Damage 2.05 Vitamin D3 24.6 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 586 µW/cm² Luminosity 3220 lx Human L-Cone 494 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 376 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 169 µW/cm² CIE X 462 µW/cm² CIE Y 451 µW/cm² CIE Z 300 µW/cm² PAR 4650000 mol photons Extinction preD3 126 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 444 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 65100 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 46.2 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 584000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 54.7 m²/mol L-Cone 429 µW/cm² M-Cone 183 µW/cm² S-Cone 339 µW/cm² U-Cone 195 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 7.64 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 211 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 195 µW/cm² (60.7 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 26.5 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 2770 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 19.1 µW/cm² Actinic UV 7.54 µW/cm² (23.4 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 57000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 65600 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 9010 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 101 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 7.19 Leybold UVB 73.8 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 84.7 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0.376 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 124 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 19 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 34.6 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 115 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 130 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 45.2 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 0.422 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 22.5 IU/min UVX-31 132 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.0422 µW/cm² IL UVA 108 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 5.25 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 59.7 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 11.4) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 54.6 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 2.88 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 10.6 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 1.55 mW/cm² LS122 0 W/m² ISM400 6.83 W/m²