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Spectrum 452: M-HQL Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Osram Osram GmbH http://www.osram.de/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
HQL |
| Lamp ID |
M-HQL (11/2003) |
| Spectrometer | - |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 100 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Publication |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
12/Jan/2012 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
12/Jan/2012
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.36 ; 0.38 ) | ( 0.13 ; 0.44 ) | ( 0.33 ; 0.089 ; 0.3 ) |
| CCT | 4500 Kelvin | 64000 Kelvin | 5400 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.15 | 0.2 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 560 µW/cm² = 5.6 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 503 µW/cm² = 5.03 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 1.34 µW/cm² = 0.0134 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 1.34 µW/cm² = 0.0134 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 76.2 µW/cm² = 0.762 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 1.34 µW/cm² = 0.0134 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 1.74 µW/cm² = 0.0174 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 74.8 µW/cm² = 0.748 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 1.72 µW/cm² = 0.0172 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 74.8 µW/cm² = 0.748 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 73.2 µW/cm² = 0.732 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 76 µW/cm² = 0.76 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 71.5 µW/cm² = 0.715 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 412 µW/cm² = 4.12 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 488 µW/cm² = 4.88 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 46.8 µW/cm² = 0.468 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 426 µW/cm² = 4.26 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 413 µW/cm² = 4.13 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 86.4 µW/cm² = 0.864 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 117 µW/cm² = 1.17 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 79.7 µW/cm² = 0.797 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 69 µW/cm² = 0.69 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 27.1 µW/cm² = 0.271 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 63.9 µW/cm² = 0.639 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 4.15 µW/cm² = 0.0415 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 0.0548 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 0.482 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 0.0874 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.000676 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.00299 Vitamin D3 0.211 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 261 µW/cm² Luminosity 1540 lx Human L-Cone 233 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 187 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 86.8 µW/cm² CIE X 210 µW/cm² CIE Y 218 µW/cm² CIE Z 151 µW/cm² PAR 2120000 mol photons Extinction preD3 1.33 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 4.42 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 649 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 0.136 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 6620 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 0.0798 m²/mol L-Cone 202 µW/cm² M-Cone 54.7 µW/cm² S-Cone 183 µW/cm² U-Cone 175 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 0.0405 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 94.8 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 100 µW/cm² (64.9 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 0.22 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 1380 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 0.237 µW/cm² Actinic UV 0.0382 µW/cm² (0.248 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 236 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 124 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 110 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 1.59 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 0.0625 Leybold UVB 1.12 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 52.3 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 2.15 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 0.197 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 0.336 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 18.7 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 63.2 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 0.617 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC -0.00018 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 0.195 IU/min UVX-31 4.7 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.000776 µW/cm² IL UVA 69.8 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 0.0509 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 0.745 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 14.6) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 0.864 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 0.0553 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 5.15 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 0.954 mW/cm² LS122 0.534 W/m² ISM400 3.61 W/m²