Startup Phase, only some seconds burning
Spectrum 421: SW-hci1 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Osram Osram GmbH http://www.osram.de/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Powerball HCI T 70W / NDL 942 |
| Lamp ID |
SW-hci1 (01/2004) |
| Spectrometer | QE65000 |
| Ballast | 70W EVG |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 0 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Sarina Wunderlich |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
28/Dec/2011 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
25/Jul/2023
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.4 ; 0.41 ) | ( 0.59 ; 0.31 ) | ( 0.47 ; 0.31 ; 0.17 ) |
| CCT | 3700 Kelvin | 3000 Kelvin | 3200 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.019 | 0.022 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 5870000 µW/cm² = 58700 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 2570 µW/cm² = 25.7 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 2880 µW/cm² = 28.8 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 5650000 µW/cm² = 56500 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 1250 µW/cm² = 12.5 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 1450 µW/cm² = 14.5 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 41900 µW/cm² = 419 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 938 µW/cm² = 9.38 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 1360 µW/cm² = 13.6 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 40600 µW/cm² = 406 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 1740 µW/cm² = 17.4 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 40400 µW/cm² = 404 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 39300 µW/cm² = 393 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 74200 µW/cm² = 742 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 36500 µW/cm² = 365 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 2460000 µW/cm² = 24600 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 4200000 µW/cm² = 42000 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 106000 µW/cm² = 1060 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 5040000 µW/cm² = 50400 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 4120000 µW/cm² = 41200 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 526000 µW/cm² = 5260 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 1320000 µW/cm² = 13200 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 195000 µW/cm² = 1950 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 1220000 µW/cm² = 12200 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 1670000 µW/cm² = 16700 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 1660000 µW/cm² = 16600 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 712 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 621 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 867 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 1490 µW/cm² DNA Damage 2020 Vitamin D3 957 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 2770000 µW/cm² Luminosity 13000000 lx Human L-Cone 1990000 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 1520000 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 412000 µW/cm² CIE X 1770000 µW/cm² CIE Y 1820000 µW/cm² CIE Z 793000 µW/cm² PAR 20100000000 mol photons Extinction preD3 18500 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 36000 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 14800000 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 13300 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 42900000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 14300 m²/mol L-Cone 1780000 µW/cm² M-Cone 1180000 µW/cm² S-Cone 628000 µW/cm² U-Cone 200000 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 1520 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 706000 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 467000 µW/cm² (35.9 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 977 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 9890000 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 788 µW/cm² Actinic UV 1510 µW/cm² (1.16 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 12300000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 14200000 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 9160000 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 3320 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 373 Leybold UVB 1100 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 32300 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 1140 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 2400 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 1840 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 801 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 16500 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 34100 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 1260 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 1280 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 1170 IU/min UVX-31 4010 µW/cm² IL UVB 1.38 µW/cm² IL UVA 39600 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 258 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 1290 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 4.98) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 1320 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 120 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 75300 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 764 mW/cm² LS122 1340 W/m² ISM400 70600 W/m²