Spectrum 367: AMH1 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Iwasaki EYE Lighting Europe (Iwasaki) http://www.iwasaki.co.uk/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Color Arc PAR36 6500K 150W |
| Lamp ID |
AMH1 (03/2010) |
| Spectrometer | USB 2000 |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 10 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Frances Baines |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
31/Jan/2011 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
27/Feb/2011
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.31 ; 0.33 ) | ( 0.38 ; 0.36 ) | ( 0.24 ; 0.29 ; 0.27 ) |
| CCT | 6600 Kelvin | 5200 Kelvin | 5900 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.016 | 0.032 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 73400 µW/cm² = 734 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 137 µW/cm² = 1.37 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 175 µW/cm² = 1.75 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 73400 µW/cm² = 734 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 181 µW/cm² = 1.81 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 222 µW/cm² = 2.22 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 3510 µW/cm² = 35.1 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 143 µW/cm² = 1.43 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 234 µW/cm² = 2.34 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 3330 µW/cm² = 33.3 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 301 µW/cm² = 3.01 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 3290 µW/cm² = 32.9 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 3090 µW/cm² = 30.9 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 6270 µW/cm² = 62.7 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 2690 µW/cm² = 26.9 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 48800 µW/cm² = 488 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 63800 µW/cm² = 638 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 7860 µW/cm² = 78.6 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 66800 µW/cm² = 668 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 57800 µW/cm² = 578 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 15800 µW/cm² = 158 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 17700 µW/cm² = 177 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 1950 µW/cm² = 19.5 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 11300 µW/cm² = 113 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 12100 µW/cm² = 121 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 8620 µW/cm² = 86.2 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 92.1 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 91.6 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 99.5 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 126 µW/cm² DNA Damage 147 Vitamin D3 119 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 41000 µW/cm² Luminosity 151000 lx Human L-Cone 22400 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 19200 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 12800 µW/cm² CIE X 19900 µW/cm² CIE Y 20900 µW/cm² CIE Z 23200 µW/cm² PAR 269000000 mol photons Extinction preD3 1650 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 4000 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 1460000 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 1300 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 5120000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 1560 m²/mol L-Cone 18700 µW/cm² M-Cone 22900 µW/cm² S-Cone 21300 µW/cm² U-Cone 15500 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 156 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 19900 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 15300 µW/cm² (101 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 121 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 177000 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 99.9 µW/cm² Actinic UV 155 µW/cm² (10.3 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 1410000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 1640000 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 612000 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 452 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 44.7 Leybold UVB 172 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 2550 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 104 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 386 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 164 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 101 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 1340 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 2610 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 169 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 111 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 140 IU/min UVX-31 512 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.182 µW/cm² IL UVA 3150 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 33.3 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 191 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 5.75) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 180 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 14.2 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 761 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 64.7 mW/cm² LS122 0.746 W/m² ISM400 576 W/m²