Spectrum 360: BEX3 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Osram Osram GmbH http://www.osram.de/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Powerball HCI TS 70W/942 |
| Lamp ID |
BEX3 (02/2009) |
| Spectrometer | USB2000+ |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 10 cm |
| Age | 0 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Frances Baines |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
31/Jan/2011 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
4/Jul/2014
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.36 ; 0.35 ) | ( 0.44 ; 0.4 ) | ( 0.35 ; 0.28 ; 0.26 ) |
| CCT | 4300 Kelvin | 4500 Kelvin | 4200 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.061 | 0.041 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 5630 µW/cm² = 56.3 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0.289 µW/cm² = 0.00289 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 0.439 µW/cm² = 0.00439 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 5630 µW/cm² = 56.3 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 0.698 µW/cm² = 0.00698 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 0.871 µW/cm² = 0.00871 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 139 µW/cm² = 1.39 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 0.549 µW/cm² = 0.00549 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 1.09 µW/cm² = 0.0109 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 138 µW/cm² = 1.38 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 1.98 µW/cm² = 0.0198 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 138 µW/cm² = 1.38 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 137 µW/cm² = 1.37 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 215 µW/cm² = 2.15 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 128 µW/cm² = 1.28 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 3210 µW/cm² = 32.1 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 4780 µW/cm² = 47.8 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 274 µW/cm² = 2.74 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 5150 µW/cm² = 51.5 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 4580 µW/cm² = 45.8 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 976 µW/cm² = 9.76 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 1320 µW/cm² = 13.2 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 158 µW/cm² = 1.58 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 1280 µW/cm² = 12.8 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 1140 µW/cm² = 11.4 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 832 µW/cm² = 8.32 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 0.303 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 0.387 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 0.333 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.263 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.346 Vitamin D3 0.476 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 3170 µW/cm² Luminosity 13200 lx Human L-Cone 2020 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 1570 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 795 µW/cm² CIE X 1890 µW/cm² CIE Y 1830 µW/cm² CIE Z 1470 µW/cm² PAR 21700000 mol photons Extinction preD3 4.44 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 13 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 3770 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 3.71 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 18900 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 4.59 m²/mol L-Cone 1770 µW/cm² M-Cone 1430 µW/cm² S-Cone 1310 µW/cm² U-Cone 548 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 0.495 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 1190 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 917 µW/cm² (69.3 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 0.482 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 12300 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 0.395 µW/cm² Actinic UV 0.491 µW/cm² (0.371 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 4140 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 5030 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 1050 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 2.26 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 0.192 Leybold UVB 0.675 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 101 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0.18 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 2.3 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 0.424 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 0.413 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 50 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 109 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 0.713 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 0.219 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 0.602 IU/min UVX-31 7.32 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.00122 µW/cm² IL UVA 128 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 0.119 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 0.731 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 6.17) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 0.735 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 0.0791 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 64.2 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 2.25 mW/cm² LS122 0.154 W/m² ISM400 53 W/m²