Spectrum 24: BESU2 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Esu Birdlife Esu Birdlife |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
Avian Lamp 15W |
| Lamp ID |
BESU2 (10/2007) Caused PKC; pre-used 1500hr - discontinued |
| Spectrometer | USB 2000 |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 10 cm |
| Age | 1,500 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Frances Baines |
Database entry created:
Sarina Wunderlich
12/Nov/2009 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
9/Oct/2011
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
WARNING: The measurement range (350 - 800 nm) is not sufficient for this evaluation! Data is only available in the range 250.17 - 780.01 nm. Results are shown anyway but should be ignored by anyone except experts.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.3 ; 0.33 ) | ( 0.38 ; 0.49 ) | ( 0.29 ; 0.27 ; 0.35 ) |
| CCT | 7300 Kelvin | 5300 Kelvin | 5200 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.15 | 0.11 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 788 µW/cm² = 7.88 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 3.07 µW/cm² = 0.0307 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 11 µW/cm² = 0.11 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 788 µW/cm² = 7.88 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 121 µW/cm² = 1.21 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 148 µW/cm² = 1.48 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 253 µW/cm² = 2.53 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 113 µW/cm² = 1.13 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 80.1 µW/cm² = 0.801 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 132 µW/cm² = 1.32 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 64.9 µW/cm² = 0.649 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 105 µW/cm² = 1.05 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 51.7 µW/cm² = 0.517 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 42.8 µW/cm² = 0.428 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 24.7 µW/cm² = 0.247 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 462 µW/cm² = 4.62 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 549 µW/cm² = 5.49 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 24.9 µW/cm² = 0.249 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 532 µW/cm² = 5.32 W/m² VIS2 ( 400 nm - 680 nm) 519 µW/cm² = 5.19 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 522 µW/cm² = 5.22 W/m² tmp ( 400 nm - 1100 nm) 529 µW/cm² = 5.29 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 178 µW/cm² = 1.78 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 187 µW/cm² = 1.87 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 23.1 µW/cm² = 0.231 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 101 µW/cm² = 1.01 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 18 µW/cm² = 0.18 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 7.35 µW/cm² = 0.0735 W/m² IR2 ( 720 nm - 1100 nm) 1.46 µW/cm² = 0.0146 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 20.7 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 72.6 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 31.3 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 4.59 µW/cm² DNA Damage 9.18 Vitamin D3 63.7 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 355 µW/cm² Luminosity 1700 lx Human L-Cone 250 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 221 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 144 µW/cm² CIE X 216 µW/cm² CIE Y 238 µW/cm² CIE Z 268 µW/cm² PAR 2400000 mol photons Extinction preD3 299 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 1060 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 176000 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 170 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 1370000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 214 m²/mol L-Cone 203 µW/cm² M-Cone 195 µW/cm² S-Cone 249 µW/cm² U-Cone 64.2 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 26.2 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 191 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 161 µW/cm² (94.3 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 68 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 1670 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 39.6 µW/cm² Actinic UV 26 µW/cm² (152 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 201000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 249000 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 23500 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 178 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 19.4 Leybold UVB 123 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 64.9 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 1.88 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 171 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 32.9 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 72.4 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 112 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 110 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 93.9 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 2.4 µW/cm² Luxmeter 1770 lx Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 60.6 IU/min UVX-31 182 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.0782 µW/cm² IL UVA 81.5 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 13 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 92.2 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 7.08) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 107 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 5.5 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (manuf.) 6.17 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 1.13 mW/cm² LS122 (manuf.) 0 W/m² ISM400 (first guess) 3.4 W/m² LS122 (assumption) 0.164 W/m² ISM400_new 2.61 W/m² Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (assumption) 5.35 W/m²