Spectrum #220 BZ18 (Zoo Med ReptiSun 10.0 T8 18W) Edit
Delete(1) Raw Measurement
| Lampid | BZ18 |
|---|---|
| Spectrometer | USB2000+ (2) |
| Originator | Frances Baines |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | - no reflector - |
| Distance | 10 |
| Age | 105 |
created by Maren, 10.06.2010; last updated by Sarina Wunderlich, 27.02.2011
Description
at 240V
(2) Comparison of full spectrum to sunlight
The spectrum is compared to the ASTM spectrum. The measured spectrum is scaled to a lux or UVI value that seems to "make sense" to the database. This can go wrong, depending on the quality and range of the data.
(3) Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (ASTM spectrum).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.27 ; 0.28 ) | ( 0.34 ; 0.42 ) | ( 0.2 ; 0.27 ; 0.34 ) |
| CCT | 12000 Kelvin | 6200 Kelvin | 7200 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.079 | 0.073 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
(4) Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the readings of two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
(5) Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
(5a) Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 757 µW/cm² = 7.57 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0.0166 µW/cm² = 0.000166 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 0.131 µW/cm² = 0.00131 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 757 µW/cm² = 7.57 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 40.3 µW/cm² = 0.403 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 64.9 µW/cm² = 0.649 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 301 µW/cm² = 3.01 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 40.2 µW/cm² = 0.402 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 105 µW/cm² = 1.05 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 260 µW/cm² = 2.6 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 111 µW/cm² = 1.11 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 236 µW/cm² = 2.36 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 155 µW/cm² = 1.55 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 134 µW/cm² = 1.34 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 71.6 µW/cm² = 0.716 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 404 µW/cm² = 4.04 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 492 µW/cm² = 4.92 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 32.2 µW/cm² = 0.322 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 441 µW/cm² = 4.41 W/m² VIS2 ( 400 nm - 680 nm) 401 µW/cm² = 4.01 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 411 µW/cm² = 4.11 W/m² tmp ( 400 nm - 1100 nm) 447 µW/cm² = 4.47 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 148 µW/cm² = 1.48 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 124 µW/cm² = 1.24 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 13.8 µW/cm² = 0.138 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 64.8 µW/cm² = 0.648 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 58.6 µW/cm² = 0.586 W/m² IR2 ( 655 nm - 685 nm) 24.6 µW/cm² = 0.246 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 35.9 µW/cm² = 0.359 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
(5b) Actionspectra
Erythema 2.29 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 24.6 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 3.63 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.0905 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.262 Vitamin D3 9.97 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 299 µW/cm² Luminosity 1030 lx Human L-Cone 150 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 136 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 121 µW/cm² CIE X 138 µW/cm² CIE Y 142 µW/cm² CIE Z 227 µW/cm² PAR PPFD 19.3 µmol/m²/s Extinction preD3 69.5 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 247 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 33200 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 9.46 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 357000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 8.25 m²/mol L-Cone 122 µW/cm² M-Cone 166 µW/cm² S-Cone 207 µW/cm² U-Cone 118 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 1.77 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 166 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 136 µW/cm² (132 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 11 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 1320 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 12.6 µW/cm² Actinic UV 1.76 µW/cm² (17.1 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 14000 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 10800 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 5900 m²/mol
(5c) Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 78.2 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 2.89 Leybold UVB 56 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 170 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0.012 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 136 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 16.1 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 19.2 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 188 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 220 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 27.8 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC -0.00101 µW/cm² Luxmeter 1060 lx Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 9.03 IU/min UVX-31 149 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.0331 µW/cm² IL UVA 190 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 2.42 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 52.7 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 21.8) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 33.9 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 1.93 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (manuf.) 5.88 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 2.43 mW/cm² LS122 (manuf.) 0.013 W/m² ISM400 (first guess) 3.46 W/m² LS122 (assumption) 0.154 W/m² ISM400_new 2.87 W/m² Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (assumption) 4.95 W/m²
(5d) Summary of my favourites
| UVC (0nm -280nm) [µW/cm] | 0.0166 | 0.0022 % |
| non-terrestrial (0nm -290nm) [µW/cm] | 0.131 | 0.0173 % |
| UVB (EU) (280nm -315nm) [µW/cm] | 40.3 | 5.33 % |
| UVB (US) (280nm -320nm) [µW/cm] | 64.9 | 8.57 % |
| Solar UVB (290nm -315nm) [µW/cm] | 40.2 | 5.32 % |
| UVA (EU) (315nm -380nm) [µW/cm] | 260 | 34.4 % |
| UVA (US) (320nm -380nm) [µW/cm] | 236 | 31.2 % |
| UVA2 (medical definition) (320nm -340nm) [µW/cm] | 111 | 14.7 % |
| UVA1 (medical) (340nm -400nm) [µW/cm] | 134 | 17.7 % |
| UVA D3 regulating (315nm -335nm) [µW/cm] | 105 | 13.9 % |
| vis. UVA (350nm -380nm) [µW/cm] | 71.6 | 9.46 % |
| VIS (380nm -780nm) [µW/cm] | 441 | 58.3 % |
| blue (420nm -490nm) [µW/cm] | 148 | 19.5 % |
| total2 (250nm -880nm) [µW/cm] | 757 | 100 % |
| Erythema [UV-Index] | 2.29 | |
| Luminosity [lx] | 1030 | |
| Blue Light Hazard [µW/cm²] | 136 | 132µW/cm/1000lx |
| Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) [UV-Index] | 2.42 | |
| Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) [µW/cm²] | 52.7 | |
| Actinic UV [µW/cm²] | 1.76 | 5.84 at UVI7.6 |
| Vitamin D3 [µW/cm²] | 9.97 | 33.1 at UVI7.6 |