Spectrum #207 BZ12 (Zoo Med ReptiSun 5.0 T12 20W) Edit
Delete(1) Raw Measurement
| Lampid | BZ12 |
|---|---|
| Spectrometer | USB2000+ |
| Originator | Frances Baines |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | - no reflector - |
| Distance | 10 |
| Age | 105 |
created by Maren, 10.06.2010; last updated by Sarina Wunderlich, 27.02.2011
Description
(2) Comparison of full spectrum to sunlight
The spectrum is compared to the ASTM spectrum. The measured spectrum is scaled to a lux or UVI value that seems to "make sense" to the database. This can go wrong, depending on the quality and range of the data.
(3) Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (ASTM spectrum).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.28 ; 0.29 ) | ( 0.41 ; 0.44 ) | ( 0.23 ; 0.31 ; 0.34 ) |
| CCT | 9800 Kelvin | 4900 Kelvin | 5900 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.099 | 0.097 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
(4) Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the readings of two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
(5) Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
(5a) Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 647 µW/cm² = 6.47 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0.766 µW/cm² = 0.00766 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 1.01 µW/cm² = 0.0101 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 647 µW/cm² = 6.47 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 16 µW/cm² = 0.16 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 31.4 µW/cm² = 0.314 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 186 µW/cm² = 1.86 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 15.8 µW/cm² = 0.158 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 71.9 µW/cm² = 0.719 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 170 µW/cm² = 1.7 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 79.9 µW/cm² = 0.799 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 154 µW/cm² = 1.54 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 97.9 µW/cm² = 0.979 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 79.4 µW/cm² = 0.794 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 36.7 µW/cm² = 0.367 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 377 µW/cm² = 3.77 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 474 µW/cm² = 4.74 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 24.4 µW/cm² = 0.244 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 456 µW/cm² = 4.56 W/m² VIS2 ( 400 nm - 680 nm) 421 µW/cm² = 4.21 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 433 µW/cm² = 4.33 W/m² tmp ( 400 nm - 1100 nm) 456 µW/cm² = 4.56 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 149 µW/cm² = 1.49 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 136 µW/cm² = 1.36 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 15 µW/cm² = 0.15 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 72.7 µW/cm² = 0.727 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 59.5 µW/cm² = 0.595 W/m² IR2 ( 655 nm - 685 nm) 26.9 µW/cm² = 0.269 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 23.1 µW/cm² = 0.231 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
(5b) Actionspectra
Erythema 1.19 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 10.2 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 1.64 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.719 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.875 Vitamin D3 3.56 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 312 µW/cm² Luminosity 1120 lx Human L-Cone 164 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 147 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 119 µW/cm² CIE X 148 µW/cm² CIE Y 155 µW/cm² CIE Z 225 µW/cm² PAR PPFD 20.2 µmol/m²/s Extinction preD3 38 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 128 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 22500 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 9.21 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 195000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 9.97 m²/mol L-Cone 133 µW/cm² M-Cone 183 µW/cm² S-Cone 197 µW/cm² U-Cone 68.6 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 1.28 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 169 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 132 µW/cm² (118 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 3.8 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 1310 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 6.17 µW/cm² Actinic UV 1.28 µW/cm² (11.4 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 11500 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 11000 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 6550 m²/mol
(5c) Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 40.5 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 1.12 Leybold UVB 26.8 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 113 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0.581 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 83.1 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 9.78 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 6.8 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 125 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 143 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 12.3 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 0.611 µW/cm² Luxmeter 1160 lx Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 3.51 IU/min UVX-31 90.4 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.0176 µW/cm² IL UVA 122 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 0.967 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 28.8 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 29.8) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 14 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 0.883 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (manuf.) 5.46 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 1.54 mW/cm² LS122 (manuf.) 0.00258 W/m² ISM400 (first guess) 3.35 W/m² LS122 (assumption) 0.15 W/m² ISM400_new 2.72 W/m² Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) (assumption) 4.81 W/m²
(5d) Summary of my favourites
| UVC (0nm -280nm) [µW/cm] | 0.766 | 0.118 % |
| non-terrestrial (0nm -290nm) [µW/cm] | 1.01 | 0.157 % |
| UVB (EU) (280nm -315nm) [µW/cm] | 16 | 2.48 % |
| UVB (US) (280nm -320nm) [µW/cm] | 31.4 | 4.85 % |
| Solar UVB (290nm -315nm) [µW/cm] | 15.8 | 2.44 % |
| UVA (EU) (315nm -380nm) [µW/cm] | 170 | 26.2 % |
| UVA (US) (320nm -380nm) [µW/cm] | 154 | 23.9 % |
| UVA2 (medical definition) (320nm -340nm) [µW/cm] | 79.9 | 12.4 % |
| UVA1 (medical) (340nm -400nm) [µW/cm] | 79.4 | 12.3 % |
| UVA D3 regulating (315nm -335nm) [µW/cm] | 71.9 | 11.1 % |
| vis. UVA (350nm -380nm) [µW/cm] | 36.7 | 5.67 % |
| VIS (380nm -780nm) [µW/cm] | 456 | 70.5 % |
| blue (420nm -490nm) [µW/cm] | 149 | 23 % |
| total2 (250nm -880nm) [µW/cm] | 647 | 100 % |
| Erythema [UV-Index] | 1.19 | |
| Luminosity [lx] | 1120 | |
| Blue Light Hazard [µW/cm²] | 132 | 118µW/cm/1000lx |
| Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) [UV-Index] | 0.967 | |
| Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) [µW/cm²] | 28.8 | |
| Actinic UV [µW/cm²] | 1.28 | 8.18 at UVI7.6 |
| Vitamin D3 [µW/cm²] | 3.56 | 22.7 at UVI7.6 |