Spectrum 172: BA16 Edit
DeleteMeasurement
| Brand |
Arcadia UK company https://www.arcadiareptile.com/ |
|---|---|
| Lamp Product |
D3+ Reptile Lamp 18W |
| Lamp ID |
BA16 (12/2008) 12% UVB T8 |
| Spectrometer | USB2000+ |
| Ballast | - no ballast or default/unknown ballast - |
| Reflector | |
| Distance | 10 cm |
| Age | 105 hours |
| Originator (measurement) | Frances Baines |
Database entry created:
Maren
8/Jun/2010 ; updated:
Sarina Wunderlich
9/Oct/2011
Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science to describe physically the human color perception. The wavelength range 380 nm - 780 nm is visible to humans and detected by three different photoreceptors. Many Reptiles see the range 350 nm - 800 nm and have an additional UV photoreceptor in their retina.
Whereas a spectrometer measures the intensity in every tiny wavelength interval resulting in thousands of individual intensities, the human eye only measures three intensities detected by the three cones. The same is true for the reptile eye with usually three or four photoreceptors. Effectively the detailled spectrum displayed above reduces to a much compacter bar graph displayed below. The photoreceptor sensitivites from these L-Cone, M-Cone, S-Cone, and U-Cone are used, they are chosen as an average of measured reptile photoreceptor sensitivity curves. The bar graph also shows as reference the intensity seen by the three or four photoreceptors for average sunlight (id 1).
From these three numbers the colour coordinate and the correlated colour temperature for humans are calculated using the CIE standard method. I adapted this concept to a "3 cone reptile (M,S,U)" and a "4 cone reptile (L,M,S,U)". I am sure, that this adaption to other colour spaces makes sense mathematically and this is also done in scientific research regarding colour vision of animals, however I have not seen calculation of colour temperatures for other animals in the scientific literature. Even if it is hypothetical, at least this shows, how arbitrary the colour temperature is, and that the colour temperature calculated for humans does not apply to reptiles. The colour spaces also show the colour coordinates of different phases of daylight ((ids 1, 338 – 451, 511 – 513 ), indicated by crosses, coloured in the appriximate colour perceived by a human.
| Human (CIE) | 3 cone reptile | 4 cone reptile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cone Excitation | |||
| Colour Coordinate | ( 0.29 ; 0.3 ) | ( 0.36 ; 0.43 ) | ( 0.24 ; 0.28 ; 0.33 ) |
| CCT | 8200 Kelvin | 5700 Kelvin | 6100 Kelvin |
| distance | 0.092 | 0.074 | |
| colour space | 3-D-graph not implemented yet |
Vitamin D3 Analysis
Vitamin D3 is produced by UVB radiation around 300 nm. 7DHC/ProD3 present in the skin is converted to PreD3 when absorbing an UV photon. PreD3 can be converted back to ProD3, to Lumisterol, or to Tachysterol when absorbing another UV photon or can be converted to Vitamin D3 in a warm environment.
This process prevents any overdose of vitamin D3 from UV radiation with a spectrum similar to sunlight. As a comparison the solar spectra at 20°(id:14) and at 85°(id:21) solar angle are shown.
The ratio of the two solarmeters 6.2 (UVB) and 6.5 (UV index) readings has proven a useful and very simply number to acess the spectral shape in the vitamin-d3-active region.
Effective Irradiances
Effective irradiances are calculated for all ranges, actionspectra and radiometers currently present in this database.
The calculation method is a numerical implementation (Simpson's rule) of the formula
To learn more about calculating effective irradiances and radiometers I recommend this excellent report on UVB meters: Characterizing the Performance of Integral Measuring UV-Meters (pdf).
The numbers in the following tables can also be used to estimate certain (effective) irradiances from radiomer readings. Example: If the database lists
- range: UVB (US) = 13.8 µW/cm²
- radiometer: Solarmeter 6.2 = 19.6 µW/cm²
Ranges
total ( 0 nm - 0 nm) 721 µW/cm² = 7.21 W/m² UVC ( 0 nm - 280 nm) 0.101 µW/cm² = 0.00101 W/m² non-terrestrial ( 0 nm - 290 nm) 0.153 µW/cm² = 0.00153 W/m² total2 ( 250 nm - 880 nm) 721 µW/cm² = 7.21 W/m² UVB (EU) ( 280 nm - 315 nm) 42.1 µW/cm² = 0.421 W/m² UVB (US) ( 280 nm - 320 nm) 70.9 µW/cm² = 0.709 W/m² UVA+B ( 280 nm - 380 nm) 276 µW/cm² = 2.76 W/m² Solar UVB ( 290 nm - 315 nm) 42 µW/cm² = 0.42 W/m² UVA D3 regulating ( 315 nm - 335 nm) 111 µW/cm² = 1.11 W/m² UVA (EU) ( 315 nm - 380 nm) 234 µW/cm² = 2.34 W/m² UVA2 (medical definition) ( 320 nm - 340 nm) 113 µW/cm² = 1.13 W/m² UVA (US) ( 320 nm - 380 nm) 205 µW/cm² = 2.05 W/m² UVA1 (variant) ( 335 nm - 380 nm) 122 µW/cm² = 1.22 W/m² UVA1 (medical) ( 340 nm - 400 nm) 99.4 µW/cm² = 0.994 W/m² vis. UVA ( 350 nm - 380 nm) 43.4 µW/cm² = 0.434 W/m² VIS Rep3 ( 350 nm - 600 nm) 352 µW/cm² = 3.52 W/m² VIS Rep4 ( 350 nm - 700 nm) 460 µW/cm² = 4.6 W/m² purple ( 380 nm - 420 nm) 31.9 µW/cm² = 0.319 W/m² VIS ( 380 nm - 780 nm) 437 µW/cm² = 4.37 W/m² PAR ( 400 nm - 700 nm) 409 µW/cm² = 4.09 W/m² blue ( 420 nm - 490 nm) 126 µW/cm² = 1.26 W/m² green ( 490 nm - 575 nm) 121 µW/cm² = 1.21 W/m² yellow ( 575 nm - 585 nm) 14.5 µW/cm² = 0.145 W/m² orange ( 585 nm - 650 nm) 72.9 µW/cm² = 0.729 W/m² red ( 650 nm - 780 nm) 71.1 µW/cm² = 0.711 W/m² IRA ( 700 nm - 1400 nm) 28.1 µW/cm² = 0.281 W/m² IRB ( 1400 nm - 3000 nm) 0 µW/cm² = 0 W/m²
Actionspectra
Erythema 2.3 UV-Index Pyrimidine dimerization of DNA 26.1 µW/cm² Photoceratitis 3.69 µW/cm² Photoconjunctivitis 0.157 µW/cm² DNA Damage 0.304 Vitamin D3 10.2 µW/cm² Photosynthesis 293 µW/cm² Luminosity 1040 lx Human L-Cone 154 µW/cm² Human M-Cone 134 µW/cm² Human S-Cone 104 µW/cm² CIE X 141 µW/cm² CIE Y 144 µW/cm² CIE Z 194 µW/cm² PAR 1950000 mol photons Extinction preD3 73.7 e-3*m²/mol Extinction Tachysterol 260 e-3*m²/mol Exctincition PreD3 35100 m²/mol Extinction Lumisterol 9.25 m²/mol Exctincition Tachysterol 373000 m²/mol Extinction 7DHC 7.62 m²/mol L-Cone 128 µW/cm² M-Cone 149 µW/cm² S-Cone 179 µW/cm² U-Cone 83.8 µW/cm² UVR - ICNIRP 2004 1.72 Rel Biol Eff Melatonin Supression 145 µW/cm² Blue Light Hazard 118 µW/cm² (113 µW/cm² per 1000 lx) CIE 174:2006 PreVit D3 11.3 µW/cm² Lumen Reptil 1210 "pseudo-lx" Vitamin D3 Degradation 13.3 µW/cm² Actinic UV 1.71 µW/cm² (16.4 mW/klm) Exctincition Lumisterol 13900 m²/mol Exctincition 7DHC 9930 m²/mol Exctincition Toxisterols 6630 m²/mol
Broadbandmeters
Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, pre 2010) 83.4 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UV-Index, pre 2010) 2.94 Leybold UVB 59.7 µW/cm² Leybold UVA 145 µW/cm² Leybold UVC 0.0901 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVB 143 µW/cm² DeltaOhm UVC 17.6 µW/cm² Vernier UVB 19.5 µW/cm² Vernier UVA 180 µW/cm² Gröbel UVA 195 µW/cm² Gröbel UVB 29.2 µW/cm² Gröbel UVC 0.0705 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.4 (D3) 9.18 IU/min UVX-31 154 µW/cm² IL UVB 0.0347 µW/cm² IL UVA 161 µW/cm² Solarmeter 6.5 (UVI, post 2010) 2.51 UV-Index Solarmeter 6.2 (UVB, post 2010) 56.4 µW/cm² (Solarmeter Ratio = 22.5) Solarmeter AlGaN 6.5 UVI sensor 36 UV Index GenUV 7.1 UV-Index 2.04 UV-Index Solarmeter 10.0 (Global Power) 5.74 W/m² Solarmeter 4.0 (UVA) 2.07 mW/cm² LS122 0.00275 W/m² ISM400 3.45 W/m²